The Battle of Hastings in 1066 marked a pivotal moment in English history, as it resulted in Norman control of England. This conflict unfolded between the Normans, led by William the Conqueror, and the Anglo-Saxons, led by Harold II. The primary cause was the disputed English throne after the death of Edward the Confessor.
William's victory was multifaceted, attributed to superior military strategy and the famous feigned retreat that disrupted Anglo-Saxon formations. The Norman use of archers and cavalry showcased tactical innovation. Harold's death on the battlefield solidified William's claim to the English crow.
The Norman conquest brought profound changes, including the Domesday Book, a comprehensive survey of England's resources. The introduction of feudalism, Norman-French as the elite language, and castle construction reflected Norman influence. This transformation, while marking the end of Anglo-Saxon rule, initiated the fusion of Norman and Anglo-Saxon cultures, shaping the medieval English identity. The Battle of Hastings thus remains a defining moment in English history, altering the course of the nation for centuries